Passwords are the key element of information require to access the system. Similarly, the first step is to access the system is that you should know how to crack the password of the target system. There is a fact that users selects passwords that are easy to guess. Once a password is guessed or cracked, it can be the launching point for escalating privileges, executing applications, hiding files, and covering tracks. If guessing a password fails, then passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools such as a dictionary or brute-force method.
Cracking a Password
Passwords are stored in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file on a Windows system and in a password shadow file on a Linux system.
Manual password cracking involves attempting to log on with different passwords. The hacker follows these steps:
- Find a valid user account (such as Administrator or Guest).
- Create a list of possible passwords.
- Rank the passwords from high to low probability.
- Key in each password.
- Try again until a successful password is found.
A hacker can also create a script file that tries each password in a list. This is still considered manual cracking, but it's time consuming and not usually effective.
A more efficient way of cracking a password is to gain access to the password file on a system. Most systems hash (one-way encrypt) a password for storage on a system. During the logon process, the password entered by the user is hashed using the same algorithm and then compared to the hashed passwords stored in the file. A hacker can attempt to gain access to the hashing algorithm stored on the server instead of trying to guess or otherwise identify the password. If the hacker is successful, they can decrypt the passwords stored on the server.
Understanding the LAN Manager Hash
Windows 2000 uses NT LAN Manager (NTLM) hashing to secure passwords in transit on the network. Depending on the password, NTLM hashing can be weak and easy to break. For example, let's say that the password is 123456abcdef . When this password is encrypted with the NTLM algorithm, it's first converted to all uppercase: 123456ABCDEF . The password is padded with null (blank) characters to make it 14 characters long: 123456ABCDEF__ . Before the password is encrypted, the 14-character string is split in half: 123456A and
BCDEF__ . Each string is individually encrypted, and the results are concatenated:
123456A = 6BF11E04AFAB197F
BCDEF__ = F1E9FFDCC75575B15
The hash is 6BF11E04AFAB197FF1E9FFDCC75575B15 .
Cracking Windows 2000 Passwords
The SAM file in Windows contains the usernames and hashed passwords. It's located in the Windows\system32\config directory. The file is locked when the operating system is running so that a hacker can't attempt to copy the file while the machine is booted to Windows.
One option for copying the SAM file is to boot to an alternate operating system such as DOS or Linux with a boot CD. Alternately, the file can be copied from the repair directory. If a system administrator uses the RDISK feature of Windows to back up the system, then a compressed copy of the SAM file called SAM._ is created in C:\windows\repair . To expand this file, use the following command at the command prompt:
C:\>expand sam._ samAfter the file is uncompressed, a dictionary, hybrid, or brute-force attack can be run against the SAM file using a tool like L0phtCrack. A similar tool to L0phtcrack is Ophcrack.
Download and install ophcrack from http://ophcrack.sourceforge.net/
Redirecting the SMB Logon to the Attacker
Another way to discover passwords on a network is to redirect the Server Message Block (SMB) logon to an attacker's computer so that the passwords are sent to the hacker. In order to do this, the hacker must sniff the NTLM responses from the authentication server and trick the victim into attempting Windows authentication with the attacker's computer.
A common technique is to send the victim an email message with an embedded link to a fraudulent SMB server. When the link is clicked, the user unwittingly sends their credentials over the network.
SMBRelay
An SMB server that captures usernames and password hashes from incoming
SMB traffic. SMBRelay can also perform man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.
SMBRelay2
Similar to SMBRelay but uses NetBIOS names instead of IP addresses to capture usernames and passwords.
pwdump2
A program that extracts the password hashes from a SAM file on a Windows system. The extracted password hashes can then be run through L0phtCrack to break the passwords.
Samdump
Another program that extracts NTLM hashed passwords from a SAM file.
C2MYAZZ
A spyware program that makes Windows clients send their passwords as clear text. It displays usernames and their passwords as users attach to server resources.
NetBIOS DoS Attacks
A NetBIOS denial-of-service (DoS) attack sends a NetBIOS Name Release message to the NetBIOS Name Service on a target Windows systems and forces the system to place its name in conflict so that the name can no longer be used. This essentially blocks the client from participating in the NetBIOS network and creates a network DoS for that system.
- Start with a memorable phrase, such as "Maryhadalittlelamb"
- Change every other character to uppercase, resulting in "MaRyHaDaLiTtLeLaMb"
- Change a to @ and i to 1 to yield "M@RyH@D@L1TtLeL@Mb"
- Drop every other pair to result in a secure repeatable password or "M@H@L1LeMb"
Now you have a password that meets all the requirements, yet can be "remade" if necessary.
More info
- Hacker Tools Hardware
- Hacking Tools Name
- Pentest Tools Apk
- Hacker Tools 2019
- Computer Hacker
- Tools For Hacker
- Pentest Tools For Ubuntu
- Hacking Tools Online
- Hacker Tools
- Pentest Automation Tools
- Hacking Tools Hardware
- Hacking Tools For Windows
- Hacking Tools Kit
- Hack Tools For Windows
- Top Pentest Tools
- Pentest Tools Github
- Hack App
- World No 1 Hacker Software
- Hacking Tools For Games
- Hacker Tools Online
- Hacks And Tools
- Nsa Hack Tools
- Hacker Tools Online
- Hacking Tools For Windows Free Download
- Tools 4 Hack
- Hacking Tools Hardware
- Beginner Hacker Tools
- How To Make Hacking Tools
- Hacker Tools For Pc
- Hacker Tools Github
- Hacking Tools For Windows 7
- Hacking Tools 2019
- Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
- Hacker Tools Mac
- Hacking Tools For Beginners
- Hacker Tools For Pc
- Hacking Tools For Mac
- Blackhat Hacker Tools
- Hack Tools Mac
- Hack Rom Tools
- Pentest Box Tools Download
- Best Hacking Tools 2019
- Pentest Tools Nmap
- Android Hack Tools Github
- Pentest Tools Online
- Hacker Tools 2020
- Hacker Tools Mac
- Pentest Tools Free
- Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
- Pentest Tools Review
- Hack Tools Github
- Hack Tools Pc
- Underground Hacker Sites
- Beginner Hacker Tools
- Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
- Hacking Tools For Pc
- Hacker Tools 2020
- Pentest Tools List
- Hack Tools For Pc
- Hack Tools Mac
- Hacker Tools Online
- Hack Tools For Games
- Hacking Tools Kit
- Hacking App
- Hack Tools For Games
- Hack Tools For Pc
- Hacker Tools Apk
- Hacker
- Hack Tools 2019
- Hacking Tools Name
- Pentest Tools For Windows
- Hacker Tools Apk
- Physical Pentest Tools
- Hacker Tools Software
- Pentest Tools For Android
- Wifi Hacker Tools For Windows
- Hackers Toolbox
- Hack Tools Pc
- Hacker Tools For Pc
- Pentest Tools List
- Hacker Tools Software
- Pentest Reporting Tools
- Hackrf Tools
- Hacking Tools And Software
- Pentest Tools Free
- Hacker Tools Linux
- Hacking Tools Online
- Android Hack Tools Github
- Hacker Hardware Tools
- Best Hacking Tools 2020
- Hacking Tools Download
- Termux Hacking Tools 2019
- Hacker Tools Apk
- Hack Tools For Mac
- How To Hack
- Pentest Tools Windows
- Pentest Tools List
- Hacking Tools And Software
- Usb Pentest Tools
- Underground Hacker Sites
- Pentest Tools For Ubuntu
- Hacking Tools 2020
- Game Hacking
- Hack Tools For Ubuntu
- Hacking Tools 2020
- Hacking Tools Name
- Hacker Tools
- Hacker Techniques Tools And Incident Handling
- Kik Hack Tools
- Physical Pentest Tools
- Termux Hacking Tools 2019
- Underground Hacker Sites
- Hacking Tools For Beginners
- Best Hacking Tools 2019
- Pentest Tools Alternative
- Hacking Tools Name
- Usb Pentest Tools
- Hack Apps
- Pentest Tools Website
- Ethical Hacker Tools
- Pentest Tools Github
- Hacker Techniques Tools And Incident Handling
- Pentest Tools Framework
- Pentest Tools For Windows
- Termux Hacking Tools 2019
- Pentest Tools Nmap
- Pentest Tools Review
- Pentest Tools Url Fuzzer
- Hacker Tools Windows
- Hacker Tools 2020
- Hacking Tools Name
- Pentest Tools Download
- Hacking Tools 2020
- Hacking Tools Download
- Hacking Tools And Software
- Computer Hacker
- Easy Hack Tools
- Beginner Hacker Tools
- Hack Rom Tools
- Hacker Tools List
- Hacking Tools Online
- Pentest Tools For Android
- Pentest Tools Nmap
- Usb Pentest Tools
- Hacking Tools Online
- Hack Tools For Windows
- Hacking Tools For Windows
- Hacking Tools Windows
- Hacking Tools For Windows Free Download
- Hack Tools Github
- Pentest Tools Bluekeep
- Computer Hacker
- Hacking Apps
- Hacking Tools For Windows
- Best Pentesting Tools 2018
- Pentest Tools For Windows
- New Hacker Tools
- Growth Hacker Tools
